应力为SGBVE分布强度为指数分布下结构可靠度的估计

考虑了应力服从SGBVE分布,强度服从指数分布的应力—强度模型,分别在应力参数未知和部分强度参数未知的情形下给出了该模型可靠度的估计,并讨论了其性质.     

ZnCr双金属层状材料对废水中酸性红14的吸附性能

采用共沉淀法制备性能优异的层状材料锌铬水滑石(Zn_xCr-LDHs, x=2, 3, 4), 并探究各种因素对吸附酸性红14(AR14)的影响。XRD、ICP、FTIR及BET表征结果表明:合成的Zn_xCr-LDHs晶型良好且稳定, 具备介孔结构。实验结果表明:最佳吸附剂为Zn₃Cr-LDHs, 比表面积为101 m²·g^-1, 对AR14的最大吸附容量为484.63 mg·g^-1。同时, 降低溶液pH值和提高溶液温度均可促进AR14的吸附。该吸附过程分别符合准二级动力学模型和Freundlich等温吸附模型。结合Materials Studio 5.5软件模拟, 推测该吸附机理主要以表面吸附为主, -SO₃^-基团是反应点。     

功能化的石墨烯和磁铁掺杂的还原氧化石墨烯对亚甲基蓝的吸附作用

用简单可行的方法合成了功能化的石墨烯(GNSPF6)和磁铁掺杂的还原氧化石墨烯(RGO-Fe3O4),并进一步研究了pH值、接触的时间和温度对它们吸附亚甲基蓝(MB)的影响.结果表明,随着pH值和温度的增加其吸附量也随之变大,从而说明该吸附过程是自发吸热的.因为GNSPF6的吸附过程只用了不到20min的时间,所以它的吸附是高效的.用经典的准一级反应、准二级反应和粒内扩散模型对其吸附过程进行动态分析,从结果可以发现,准二级动力学模型比准一级动力学模型更适用于描述吸附过程.采用传统的Langmuir,Freundlich和L-F吸附等温线模型来模拟分析数据,在20℃时,由Langmuir吸附等温线模型模拟分析得知GNSPF6和RGO-Fe3O4对MB的最大吸附量分别为374.4和118.4mg/g.     

多壁碳纳米管/聚丙烯酸/MOF-5的制备及其N_2吸附性能

用化学修饰法制备出复合物多壁碳纳米管/聚丙烯酸(MWCNTs/PAA),用溶剂热法合成Zn4O(1,4-benzenedicarboxylate)3(MOF-5)和MWCNTs/PAA/MOF-5。通过XRD、FTIR、TG、HRTEM和比表面积和孔隙度分析仪对MWCNTs,MOF-5,MWCNTs/PAA和MWCNTs/PAA/MOF-5的结构和性质进行表征。结果表明:复合材料MWCNTs/PAA中PAA包覆在碳纳米管外壁上,含量为4.3%,在FTIR中有PAA特征官能团的吸收峰;MWCNTs/PAA/MOF-5和MOF-5的形貌一样,MWCNTs/PAA/MOF-5的热分解温度比MOF-5的提高了49℃;MOF-5和MWCNTs/PAA/MOF-5的N2吸附曲线为Ⅰ型,77 K和100 k Pa条件下,N2的吸附量达到最大值,分别为265、299.03 cm3·g-1。     

配体保护下的Au_(20)团簇吸附和活化CO的理论研究

用密度泛函理论方法计算了CO分子吸附在有机配体聚乙烯吡咯烷酮poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)(PVP)保护下的Au20团簇上的稳定构型的结构和性质。配体PVP通过物理吸附主要作用于Au20团簇的顶点位置。与Au20比较,配体的存在有利于CO的吸附和活化,其根本原因是PVP和CO在Au20表面分别作为供电子和吸电子基团产生的协同效应。中性及阴离子Au20团簇对配体和CO的吸附强度不同,前者对PVP吸附作用较强,后者对CO的吸附和活化作用较强。     

离子印迹介孔材料制备及其吸附重金属的应用

离子印迹介孔材料具有吸附容量高、吸附选择性和骨架稳定等特点,在吸附分离领域有着广泛的应用前景。本文总结了目前离子印迹介孔材料的制备方法,阐述了分步合成法及一步合成法的各自特点;着重介绍了该材料在对重金属吸附和分离领域的研究与应用情况;简要说明了离子印迹介孔材料对重金属离子的吸附机理;并提出了离子印迹介孔材料在制备与应用中存在的问题。     

Trace analysis of Pt (IV) metal ions in roadside soil and water samples by Fe3O4/graphene/polypyrrole nanocomposite as a solid-phase extraction sorbent followed by atomic absorption spectrometry

A novel Fe₃O₄/graphene/polypyrrole nanocomposite has been successfully synthesised via a simple chemical method and applied as a new magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) sorbent for the separation and pre-concentration of trace amounts of Pt (IV) in environmental samples followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometric (FAAS) detection. The nanocomposite has been characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Seven important parameters, affecting the extraction efficiency of Pt (IV), including pH, adsorption time, desorption solvent type and concentration, desorption time, elution volume and sample volume, were investigated. Under the optimised conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the range of 50–1500 μg L^?1 (R = 0.993). The detection limit and pre-concentration factor (PF) for Pt (IV) were found to be 16 μg L^?1 and 112.5, respectively. Under the optimised solid-phase extraction (SPE) conditions, the adsorption isotherm and the adsorption capacity of the nanocomposite for Pt (IV) were studied. Pt (IV) adsorption equilibrium data were fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity of the magnetic sorbent was calculated from the Langmuir isotherm model as 416.7 mg g^?1. The precision of the method was studied as intraday and interday variations. A relative standard deviation percentage (RSD%) value less than 3.0 indicates that the method is precise. Also, the accuracy of the method was tested by the analysis of the standard reference material (NIST SRM 2556) and by recovery measurements on spiked real samples. It was also shown that the optimised method was suitable for the analysis of trace amounts of Pt (IV) in roadside soil, tap water and wastewater samples.     

Adsorption of Propene on Neutral Gold Clusters in the Gas Phase

The adsorption of propene on neutral gold clusters is investigated in a collision cell under a few collision conditions. The adsorption reaction is studied by pressure‐dependent kinetic measurements and delayed unimolecular dissociation of the excited Au_n?propene complexes. The cluster size (n=9–25) and temperature (T=90–300 K) dependence of the propene adsorption is analyzed. Strong size dependences of the absorption reaction are observed; a larger propene adsorption probability was found for gold clusters composed of an even number of atoms. Propene binding energies are estimated by comparison of the temperature‐dependent unimolecular dissociation rates with rates obtained by using statistical RRKM modeling. The Au_n–propene binding energies decrease non‐monotonously with cluster size and are in the range of 1.2–0.85 eV for n=9–25. Finally, the bonding of C₃H₆ on Au_n is qualitatively described and similarities with the absorption of CO molecules on gold clusters are discussed.     

界面扩张流变法研究C12mimBr对Gemini12-2-12在空气/水界面聚集行为的影响

采用界面扩张流变技术研究了季铵盐偶联表面活性剂C₁₂-(CH₂)₂-C₁₂·2Br (Gemini12-2-12)及其与离子液体表面活性剂溴化1-十二烷基-3-甲基咪唑(C₁₂mimBr)复配体系的动态界面张力、扩张流变性质和界面弛豫过程等, 探讨了C₁₂mimBr 对C₁₂mimBr/Gemini12-2-12 混合体系界面性质的影响及C₁₂mimBr 对Gemini12-2-12界面聚集行为影响的机制. 结果表明, 随着离子液体表面活性剂的不断引入, 体系界面吸附达到平衡所需的时间逐渐缩短, 扩张模量和相角明显降低, 界面吸附膜由粘弹性膜转变为近似纯弹性膜; 同时, 界面及其附近的弛豫过程也发生显著变化, 慢弛豫过程消失, 快弛豫过程占主导地位, 且离子液体浓度越高, 快弛豫的贡献越大. 这些界面性质的变化主要归因于离子液体表面活性剂C₁₂mimBr参与界面形成及两表面活性剂在界面竞争吸附的结果. 少量离子液体表面活性剂C₁₂mimBr 的加入可以填补疏松的Gemini12-2-12 界面上的空位, 形成混合界面吸附膜. 随着C₁₂mimBr 含量的增加, 嵌入界面的C₁₂mimBr 分子数不断增多, 导致界面上相互缠绕的Gemini12-2-12烷基链“解缠”, 在体相和界面分子扩散交换的过程中“解缠”的Gemini12-2-12分子从界面上解吸回到体相, 与此同时, C₁₂mimBr 分子相对较小的空间位阻及较强的疏水作用促使其优先扩散至界面进而取代Gemini12-2-12分子, 最终界面几乎完全被C₁₂mimBr分子所占据.     

嵌段共聚物相容剂对聚合物共混体系力学性能影响的连续介观模拟

结合介观动力学方法和三维弹簧格子模型, 研究了嵌段共聚物相容剂对相容性较差的聚合物二元共混体系力学性能的影响. 在适当范围内不断增加嵌段共聚物相容剂的用量, 研究了相容剂含量对体系杨氏模数及拉伸强度的影响, 同时也对不同体系材料的破碎位点进行了分析. 结果表明, 未加入相容剂的二元共混体系在拉伸模拟中表现出较低的拉伸强度, 而适量添加相容剂可以显著提升材料的拉伸强度, 随着相容剂含量的增加, 共混体系的破碎位点会发生转移并最终改善材料的整体性能. 而相容剂的加入对体系杨氏模数的影响较小. 该连续模拟方法为关联聚合物复合体系的微观结构和宏观力学性能提供了一条高效的途径.